أحمد جاسم إبراهيم القوى الداخلية وأثرها في سياسة تركيا الشرق أوسطية للمدة من عام 1945-1991.دراسة تأريخية ,جماعات المصالح وقوى الضغط واثرها في سياسة تركيا الشرق أوسطية (أنموذجا) . دراسة تأريخية

Abstract

Despite Turkey's geographical position in the Middle East, some view this relationship from the perspective of the internal forces influencing its foreign policy, namely the political elites, military and economic pressure groups, political parties, the media, and public opinion. The pragmatism (utilitarianism or self-interest) of Turkey's ruling elites has forced it to adopt a utilitarian policy toward the Middle East, specifically regarding the Arab-Israeli conflict. Turkey has used this as a pretext for its rejection of the UN Partition Plan since 1947, but it quickly reversed its refusal by de facto recognizing the State of Israel in 1949. Later, in 1950, it recognized it de jure, becoming the only Muslim country to do so. Its recognition preceded that of Britain, France, and the United Nations. This recognition was one of the reasons for Turkey's acceptance into NATO and its receipt of military, economic, and security assistance from the West, particularly the United States. Then, with another pragmatic effort, it became active in defending the Middle East on October 1, 1950, when the Soviets advanced their defenses to the Iranian border. A power vacuum emerged, which the West felt was important for Turkey to fill. To clarify this, we will discuss interest groups and pressure groups in our study.

Keywords: Turkish policy, pressure forces, Arab countries, Israel, interest groups.